تجاذبت فكرة التاريخ الشفوي في العقود الأخيرة نظريات وآراء اختلفت في تعريف ماهيته وتحديد نشأته وتعيين دوره وقيمته، من حيث وزن المقاربة المعرفية (الإبيستيمولوجية) في تطوّر علم التاريخ، أم من حيث توسيع وظيفة هذا العلم لاستكمال أوجه المعرفة الاجتماعية والإنسانية كلها ولإظهار كل جانب مسكوت عنه أو مُهَمّش أو مطموس في الحياة الاجتماعية والإنسانية لدى الناس، جميع الناس.
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